Cultural items include human remains, funerary objects, sacred objects, and objects of cultural patrimony. The Act requires federal agencies and institutions that receive federal funding to return Native American “cultural items” to lineal descendants and culturally affiliated Indian tribes and Native Hawaiian organizations. 3048, is a United States federal law enacted on 16 November 1990. The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act( NAGPRA), Pub. Particularly pernicious is the dichotomy Jefferson exhibited in public and in private with respect to Native Americans-a dichotomy which the article highlights in an effort to understand Jefferson’s true motives and views.\) - Susquehannock artifacts on display at the State Museum of Pennsylvania, 2007 The third analyzes how Jefferson’s use of the Doctrine of Discovery and its corollary, the right of first refusal, reconstrued property laws to allow the government to subjugate Native American land. The second explains the actual methods through which Native lands were acquired. The first part examines how Jefferson’s prejudice against Native Americans manifested itself in his expropriation of Indian remains. More specifically, the paper develops three areas that illustrate Jefferson’s views and methods which conspired to estrange Indians from their property. On the most fundamental level, the article argues that Jefferson enhanced the power of the government to take Indian land by pairing the sanguinary Doctrine of Discovery with a calculated introduction of debt into Native American society that permitted the “legal” foreclosure of their land. The article (entitled “Politician in Public, Plotter in Private: How Thomas Jefferson Conquered the West and Robbed Native Americans of Their Birthright”) posits that President Thomas Jefferson’s actions have created a historical arc that has irrevocably positioned Native Americans as poor, second class citizens compared to those of European ancestry.
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